The exact format of a reference depends on the type of source. They also include other information that helps identify the source. References are usually listed at the end of the paper on a page called References, Works Cited, or Bibliography.įull references always include the author, title, and publication date of the source.
#How to properly cite sources within a paper full#
You can find full details of these rules in our style-specific guides to in-text citations.ĪPA in-text citations | MLA in-text citations | Chicago in-text citations Full references sources where the publication date is unknown.Some styles cite using footnotes, endnotes, or bracketed numbers that match reference entries.Įach citation style also has specific rules about citing: In-text citations often appear in parentheses, specifying the author’s last name and sometimes (depending on the citation style) a year or page number. You can check with your instructor or read other papers in your field to see what style they use. Other disciplines, like medicine or engineering, often have their own specific styles. APA is the most common style in the social sciences, while MLA is the most common style in the humanities. The best choice depends on your field and discipline. If no citation style is specified, you need to choose one and use it consistently throughout your paper. Many university departments and academic journals require a specific citation style, so first check the guidelines. That includes things like websites, YouTube videos, dictionaries, lectures, and social media posts. Citing also allows your reader to find the original source for themselves, which makes your writing more credible.Īs well as citing scholarly sources like books and journal articles, don’t forget to cite any other sources that you use for ideas, examples, or evidence. Whether you quote or paraphrase, you must always include a citation in order to avoid plagiarism. It’s important that the paraphrase is not too close to the original wording. To paraphrase a source, put the text into your own words.
To quote a source, copy a short piece of text word for word and put it inside quotation marks.To refer to a source, you may quote or paraphrase the original text: Every time you draw on ideas, summarize information, mention arguments, or give examples that you found in a source, you need to cite it. Frequently asked questions about citing sourcesĬitations are required in all types of academic texts (such as essays, research papers, and dissertations).Cabazitaxel: more than a new taxane for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer? Clin Cancer Res. Adjuvant treatments for triple-negative breast cancers. Taxanes for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Optimal strategies for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer with currently approved agents. 4 Mita et al's investigation of cabazitaxel 5 seems to indicate a new role for this class of drugs.ġ.
3 Other scientists have investigated individual drugs within this class, including Andre and Zielinski 2 and Joensuu and Gligorov.
1,2 Some classes of drugs show more promise than others. For materials with 3 or more authors, include the first author's name and then et al.įinding treatments for breast cancer is a major goal for scientists. For materials with one or two authors, include both names. You may also use author names in your writing, as long as these mentions are accompanied by numbered citations. Order citations as they appear in your paper. If the same reference is used multiple times in one document, use the same number to refer to it throughout the document.Īt the end of the document, include a reference list with full citations to each item. The first reference used in a written document is listed as 1 in the reference list, and a 1 is inserted into the document immediately next to the fact, concept, or quotation being cited. In the document/paper/poster you are writing, materials are cited using superscript numerals.